Synthesis Essay Martin Luther King - 1785 Words

Synthesis Essay – Martin Luther King Jr. MSgt Demetrius N. Booth Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy November 7, 2017 Instructor: MSgt. Adrian L. Hall MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. Our founding fathers could not have understood the soulful purpose of their words. Words penned in ink with mortal hands on to parchment but forever cemented in the bedrock of this great nation. The declaration of Independence echoes those words through all generations â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†. It was those guiding principles that shed light on the†¦show more content†¦Barnes Center for Enlisted Education, 2014A). At white’s only diner counter tops he led sit ins, instead of accepting riding at the back of the bus he staged boycotts and he galvanized a nation with the march on Washington. From church pulpits across the south MLK used Inspirational Motivation to encourage a people to the stand against the existing state of affairs and reach for a better future for them selves and their children. With words he struck the hearts of a people and convinced them that the hardships they would endure were far better than the menial existence they were currently living, that nonviolence protest was a small price to pay for the promise of what lay ahead (Thomas N. Barnes Center for Enlisted Education, 2014A). MLK understood that a fiery sermon about equality and justice would not be enough. He would need to follow through with action, that action was managing change. Leading Change was not easy. He had to lead a country through, Janssen’s model of change. Every person worked through Jensen’s Apartment where they experienced the contentment, denial, confusion, and renewal phases. The south during the time of the civil rights movement was a hostile environment (Thomas Barnes Center for Enlisted Education, 2014C). The actions of the SCLC were in direct contrast of the accepted way of life for CaucasianShow MoreRelatedPurpose of Education Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesSynthesis Essay: The Purpose of Education Everyday we go to school to receive our education, but what is the purpose of education? Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech, â€Å"The Purpose of Education† and Frank O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"Christmas Morning,† both discuss what is the purpose of education. The purpose of education is to acknowledge not only one’s intelligence, but also one’s character, provide one with the ability to make decisions and achieve their goals. One of the purposes of educationRead MoreThe Philosophy : German Egyptologist Hellmut Brunner Translates The Inscription Of Antef1490 Words   |  6 Pagesgiven. 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Animal Research Animal Testing - 1700 Words

JT Forster Foster 1 Mr. Malcolm English 11 07/31/2013 Animal Testing Imagine being poked and prodded with a needle, all to test for a new drug against bacteria. Would that be okay if the medicine being used would eventually save countless lives? This is the one of the many issues behind the debate that is animal research. Some people argue for models, taking the use of animals completely out of the research equation, while others advocate the continued use of animals, only if a standard level of care is set. Ever since the late sixties and early seventies, animal research has been under fire for what they do. This is mainly due to the changing perspectives on the†¦show more content†¦The second factor, which is ecology, came about because of a large increase in the popularity for the field. As the many researchers in the field started proving that humans cannot simulate the same ecosystem in a lab, the next step was easy to connect the ecosystem to what it looks like in a lab. Animal research has many su ccesses under its name, and many of them end up being skipped over when people attempt to bring down what has happened. Some of these could not have just happened in a test tube, and others are much quicker due to the many different methods and types of testing that could have been used during experimentation. These successes range extensively from finding cures for cervical cancer, a project that used mice, to creating a treatment for human children with bone growth plate problems through observation and testing of animals bones. Another example is that Fetal Alcohol Syndrome was studied on animal models and later tested on rats, linking the damage to a shortage of iron while the fetus was forming. These results gave doctors something to fight the issue with, it was in the form of iron supplements. Just over four million babies are born every year in the United States. Out of those four million babies, about forty thousand are born with the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, making its appea rance in humans more common than the autism spectrum disorders in humans. These stories are more typical

Music Firms Want EU to Cut Off Pirates Free Essays

The plan, backed by French President Sarkozy, asks Internet service providers to disconnect users who illegally download copyrighted music by Leigh Phillips With sales of compact discs across Europe in free-fall, the record industry has called on the EU to follow French president Nicolas Sarkozy’s lead and force internet service providers to disconnect customers who illegally download music. â€Å"Up until now, ISPs have allowed copyright theft to run rampant on their networks, causing a massive devaluation of copyrighted music,† said John Kennedy, the CEO of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), the record industry trade association. â€Å"The time for action is now — from the EU and other governments. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Firms Want EU to Cut Off Pirates or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The IFPI believes the mood of indulging ISPs and their downloading customers is coming to an end. â€Å"2007 was the year ISP responsibility started to become an accepted principle,† he said. â€Å"2008 must be the year it becomes reality.† Last November, president Sarkozy backed an initiative in partnership with the record industry and internet providers that would see ISPs automatically disconnect customers who illegally download copyrighted material. â€Å"More than anyone else in 2007, our industry has to thank French President Nicolas Sarkozy and the chairman of FNAC [the France-based chain of record and electronics superstores], Denis Olivennes, for the change of mood,† said Mr Kennedy. The Sarkozy agreement, announced in November, is the most significant milestone yet in the task of curbing piracy on the internet. The French president’s move requires ISPs to disconnect customers using an automated system and to test filtering technologies. Mr Kennedy made comments in an IFPI report on the state of the sector. Although there was a 40 percent increase in digital sales globally in 2007, according to the report, there was a 10 percent decline in sales of compact discs last year. The report also praised government moves against illegal downloading in Sweden, Belgium, the UK, the US and Asia. Provided by EUobserver—For the latest EU related news BusinessWeek Europe January 28, 2008 1:04PM EST How to cite Music Firms Want EU to Cut Off Pirates, Essay examples

Turkish Influences in Classical Music free essay sample

Dawdled Turkish Influences In Classical Music The Intersections between cultures and musical traditions can result In Interesting and/or drastic changes in ones music compositions. Significantly, in the mid-18th century, this was called The Age of Enlightenment or The Age of Reason. It was due to socio-political changes, the Turkish Influence caused a dispute between religion and a mind that Is curious to want to know and understand through reason based on evidence and proof.It was also in this period that the usage of Turkish elements by imposers like Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Beethoven in classical compositions was in vogue. This essay explores how the Turkish influences penetrate Into classical music, when it started and what are some music elements that these composers Like Mozart and Beethoven choose to Implement Into their classical compositions. In the early 20th century, a group of Turkish musicians who called themselves Turk Belier (The Turkish Five) , consisting of Neal Zamia Sakes, Has Ferrite Allan, Luvs Camel Erick, Camel Re$t Ere and Aimed Adman Saying had studied music InEurope and were considered the five pioneers who introduced western classical music into Turkey. We will write a custom essay sample on Turkish Influences in Classical Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They were renowned composers with political connections in their time who had composed some of the most excellent Turkish classical pieces during the early age of the Republic Of Turkey. They Introduced the mix of Turkish and Classical music in which the traditional themes of old Turkish music were used together with the elements from Western Classical music that they had studied to produce interesting new compositions with a polyphonic structure.Some of their impositions consists of five symphonies; four operas; concertos (two for piano, violin, viola and cello); various orchestral works; Chamber music and vocal music. Aimed Adman Saying composed the famous Yuans Mere Oratorio. One of the most famous classical composers In the 18th century to compose classical music with Turkish Influences Is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Some of his compositions with Turkish influence are Piano Sonata No. 11 in A major, KICK and an opera called The abduction from the Seraglio. In his Piano Sonata No. 1 in A major, KICK, its 3rd or sat movement called Rondo All Truck opus 113 was so popular that it was often heard or played on Its own. It has the Imitation of the umber from the Turkish military bands also known as the Turkish Janissary bands, thus it was in a lively style of a march. This section, with its steady rhythmic pulse of a 2/4 meter and quick tempo, is a reflection of Janissary music. All Truck has repeated notes, ornaments to stress the beat and loud or soft passages which are characteristics of the Turkish style.In All Truck, the percussion instruments play a rhythm that sounds like the arching cadence of the soldiers. The rhythm is made up of:. Similar to: Left Left Left Right Left The melodic instruments in the Turkish music often emphasize the rhythm by playing grace notes , either by one note or several in succession, on the beat. Usually, In the last movement of the Turkish March, it will sometimes be performed on a piano and it will be played with a Turkish stop which is 1 OFF bass drum thus allowing it to have extra percussion effects.Another famous composer who got influenced by the Turkish culture and who also composed Turkish themed pieces is Ludwig Van Beethoven. In his highly acclaimed rhea Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Pop. 125, its last movement known as Marcia All RCA is a well- known classical march theme; it also, like Mozart Turkish March was Mitten in a Turkish style. Marcia All Truck comes from an overture and incidental music that was for a play by August von Stakeout called The Ruins of Athens (Pop. 113). This was composed by Beethoven in 1811 and it was premiered in Pest in 1812. Rakish March appears as item number 4 of that incidental music piece and was sung in a florid variation by a tenor soloist assisted by the tenors and basses of the hours, accompanied by Turkish instruments playing pianissimo Marcia All Truck is n B flat major, in 2/4 time and in the tempo of vice. The organization of the dynamic scheme makes the piece sound like a procession starting out with pianissimo followed by Pico a Pico crescendo rising to a fortissimo in climax and then going back to pianissimo reaching the coda.The instruments such as brass, strings, woodwinds, percussions and voices serve as a section of lowered intensity found in between two more full forced emotion charged sections. Turkish styled music can be found mostly in finales of long pieces which may otherwise be the most relaxed and least organized movements of any classical work. rhea Turkish influence in classical music has indeed add ed much vigor and passion to its otherwise milder form, a genre of music that is really interesting and refreshing to listen to.

My Summer Vacation Essays - 9, Radio Free Europe, Exit Light

My Summer Vacation After radio killed the video star, we couldn't really get much higher (which means that we probably didn't start the fire). So now we're on the road again, running down a dream (missed that stairway to heaven 'cause we were running with the devil). But anyway, we still think that we're bad to the bone and hard to handle; we must truly be the unforgiven (even though, as some of us are chasing what they think are Barbie girls where the boys are only to find out that the dude looks like a lady, we're actually somewhat behaving in the club at the end of the street). And now the day is fading fast (exit light, enter night) and so we'd better be rolling down the river to the next city. As we roamed where we wanted to, looking for some place to eat, we found the Hotels California and Heartbreak off of Exit 29. We had our bus driver, Trigger Happy Jack, drive by a go-go to get to a good restaurant. And as we sat, sipping out pina coladas and eating our cheeseburgers in Paradise Caf? with Tootsie Rolls for desert, we wondered if we'd ever make it to Margaritaville. Then discussion changed to other topics like bloody Sunday, radio-free Europe, and what it would be like to live in a yellow submarine. Finally, we decided to see a rocket man go into space. Eventually, we made it to the launch site, just in time. We watched the launch from all along the watchtower, and saw Major Tom enter the Crystal Ship to go to the moon and back. We then decided it was time to go back to sweet home Alabama, hoping our new bus driver (he said to just call him Al) knew the way home. Our main problem was to not worry, but be happy, about returning in time for school (especially since one of our number was hot for teacher). So we took the school blue and whipped them, just accepting that we'd have to wait until the next quarter break to rock the cazbah. The End.

27 Unforgettable Katharine Hepburn Quotes

27 Unforgettable Katharine Hepburn Quotes Katharine Hepburn, actress, was best known for roles in which she played strong, sophisticated women. Selected Katharine Hepburn Quotations I never realized until lately that women were supposed to be the inferior sex.Life is to be lived. If you have to support yourself, you had bloody well better find some way that is going to be interesting. And you dont do that by sitting around wondering about yourself.If you give an audience a chance they will do half your acting for you.Acting is the most minor of gifts and not a very high-class way to earn a living.. After all, Shirley Temple could do it at the age of four.When I started out, I didnt have any desire to be an actress or to learn how to act. I just wanted to be famous.Everyone thought I was bold and fearless and even arrogant, but inside I was always quaking.If you always do what interests you, at least one person is pleased.If you obey all the rules, you miss all the fun.Without discipline, theres no life at all.Enemies are so stimulating.Loved people are loving people.Love has nothing to do with what you are expecting to get - only what you are expecting to give - which is everything. What you will receive in return varies. But it really has no connection with what you give. You give because you love and cannot help giving. Sometimes I wonder if men and women really suit each other. Perhaps they should live next door and just visit now and then.Marriage is a series of desperate arguments people feel passionately about.If you want to sacrifice the admiration of many men for the criticism of one, go ahead, get married.Plain women know more about men than beautiful women do.If you’re given a choice between money and sex appeal, take the money. As you get older, the money will become your sex appeal.I have many regrets, and Im sure everyone does. The stupid things you do, you regret if you have any sense, and if you dont regret them, maybe youre stupid.Itd be a terrific innovation if you could get your mind to stretch a little further than the next wisecrack.Life can be wildly tragic at times, and Ive had my share. But whatever happens to you, you have to keep a slightly comic attitude. In the final analysis, you have got to not forget to laugh.If you survive long enough, youre revered - rather like an old building. There are no laurels in life ... just new challenges.Lifes whats important. Walking, houses, family. Birth and pain and joy. Actings just waiting for a custard pie. Thats all.It’s life isn’t it? You plow ahead and make a hit. And you plow on and someone passes you. Then someone passes them. Time levels.Life is hard. After all, it kills you.I dont think that work ever really destroyed anybody. I think that lack of work destroys them a hell of a lot more.I never lose sight of the fact that just being is fun.

Comparative public sector management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Comparative public sector management - Essay Example The elements of public management are tools that maximise efficiency of public management and are applicable to the private and public domains. There are many theories that provide a framework for public policy, and their application is varied depending on the context (Khaleghian & Gupta 2005, pp 1083-1099). Public policy is often characterised by dynamic, complex and interactive systems. It is through these systems that the problems affecting the public are identified and solved. The most basic solutions in this line are usually the formulation of new policies that reform the existing ways of doing things and as such increase the connectedness of the government and other players to the public. Using a theoretic approach to formulation and implementation of public policy prevents the use of fantasy, unreal and phantasm approaches to service to the public (Kapucu 2009, pp 1187-1190). Phallocentric perspective refers to the concept that directs perceptive as predominantly male-oriented of favouring. Some of the public policies in education especially in areas where inequalities in education have been an issue have been seen as inclined towards favouring men. A feministic approach in the opposite of this, it refers to the recognition of women as an important and independent entity in the development. Free primary education in Australia is a public sector policy that has been effective in ensuring a boost to the females who missed education opportunities in the past due to cultural and economic barriers (Kapucu 2009). In is very necessary that public policies are set aside from politics. This is because most of the political activities are designed to provide administrative powers, and rule over people, the public policy, on the other hand, are meant to provide public service and management in a non-profit approach from the government and other stakeholders in the selected issue. The

Supply Chain Management College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply Chain Management College - Essay Example Tangible benefits include revenue growth, optimized inventory management, etc. Intangible benefits include improvement in quality, improvement in customer satisfaction, and enhanced customer and supplier techniques (Schonberger, 1997). Outsourcing is nothing but getting certain types of the company done by people who are not actually part of the company (Limitedmanagement.com). Usually, companies outsource certain specific works in which the company is not strong to people who are experts in that particular job. Outsourcing is not a new concept in SCM. Global sourcing is now a competitive requirement of doing business. This perceived survival imperative has created an extended supply chain, as to distance and time, which has a menu of supplier and logistics demands. Directing the supply chain, as to costs, performance, inventory, visibility, collaboration and integration is an imperative for corporate success (Limitedmanagement.com). Outsourcing in Supply Chain Management means outsourcing of services that traditionally have been provided in-house. The logic of this trend is that the company will increasingly focus on those activities in the value chain where it has a distinctive advantage and everything else it will outsource. Hence, strategic decisions need to be taken centrally with the monitoring and control of supplier performance and day-to-day liaison with logistics partners being best managed at a local level. A recent survey that was conducted on outsourcing revealed certain interesting facts as under (Craig, 2005): 42% outsource half or more of their supply chains. This is a significant percentage and shows the degree of outsourcing acceptance, development and penetration. While the function or activity is outsourced is broad, 59% outsource supplier management. It also shows recognition that supply chain importance and success begins with suppliers, who can be difficult to manage, especially those thousands of miles away. 56% import some or all of their finished products or materials. This also shows the expanding opportunities for outsourcing of offshore logistics. Failures in Outsourcing There may be failures in outsourcing with relevance to the Supply Chain Management. The reasons for these failures are as follows: Poor project design Lack of metrics or key performance indicators (KPIs) Use of improper metrics or KPIs Not fulfilling expectations of either or both parties No clear lines of responsibility and accountability Inability to evolve the relationship from short term to long term and from static to dynamic (Craig, 2005). Risks involved in Outsourcing Risk and business are terms which are actually inseparable. Outsourcing is not an exclusion of this fact and there are yet certain ways in which these risks can be handled and mitigated. Quantifying and assigning risk is a crucial factor in outsourcing success. As part of this essay, the risks involved in outsourcing are discussed in two different perspectives, one from the buyer

The Stiry about Misunderstanding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Stiry about Misunderstanding - Essay Example I headed towards an empty table, under a window. The sun shone iridescently through the window pane onto the table. I sat directly under the sunlight. The sunrays felt exhilarating, yet calming and peaceful. It's a good thing my daily moisturizer had sunscreen. If not, I would have been bleached by now. I sat there content, with my overflowing tray of food, sunshine, and solace, in the much larger sea of the noisy cafeteria. I was about to eat. Suddenly, he appeared. I hadn't noticed him come in. That was unlike me. I always notice him. He stood in front of me, with a tray overflowing with food as well. My stomach instantly began to churn as if small currents of electricity bounced around the insides of my intestines. The sound of his voice resounded in my ear. It was a voice that I was very familiar with. It was the first thing I noticed about him a few weeks ago, in class. He was invisible to me until I heard him speak. There was nothing special about his appearance. His style was unappealing. However, it was his voice that had its own presence. One day, the teacher had asked him a question in front of the rest of the class. When he spoke, my soul could hear, and opened like a flower, that absorbed each one of his words, as if they were rays of nourishing sunlight feeding my existence. His voice had a greatness that didn't ask for permission. He spoke with a confident indifference of how he was perceived, as if he were certain of his purpose and aware of the strength of his presence. His voice spoke to a part of me that I was unaware of. His strength and defiance represented everything that I wanted to be. I couldn't stop noticing him afterwards. In the cafeteria, as he stood in front of me with the tray of food in his hand, he took off his book bag, put it in the chair next to me, and sat down in the chair directly across from my seat. I wanted to run and hide. My body didn't understand basic functions anymore. I felt paralyzed, awkward. I looked at my plate; it was now a blurry painting of different colors without any smell. Unable to pick up my fork, I looked across the room, and then at different tables, and finally out the window, anywhere except at him. I took a sip of juice. It tasted like acid. I felt as if my hand shook. I quickly put the glass back down. I couldn't believe he was sitting here. Did he know that I had been watching him Had he noticed me too Was he following me Was he making an excuse to sit with me I wanted to say something but couldn't. How much longer was he going to sit here I wished he would hurry up and finish. Yet, at the same time, I wanted him to stay, at my table, sitting directly across from me, stuffing sausage in his mouth. But, what did he really want Why did he sit here What was he thinking My stomach gurgled with the electric currents that now crouched and kicked like a Russian Folk Dancer. He hungrily stuffed his face with several more Italian sausages, two strips of bacon, some scrambled eggs, and drank some orange juice. Then he looked up at me."So, what do you think of the teacher" he said, in between mouthfuls of

What Is Functional Grammar?

What Is Functional Grammar? Functional grammar, as explained by Halliday (1994) is concerned with meanings. Functional grammar looks at language as consisting of units of meanings rather than chunks of forms. These units of meanings are represented in various oral and written texts. In keeping with the idea, functional grammar is interested to analyze language at the text level rather than sentences. Further, Halliday (1994) writes that there are 3 lines of meaning in the clause. (1) the theme functions in the structure of the clause as message (2) the subject functions in the structure of the clause as an exchange (3) the actor functions in the structure of the clause as representation. Giving more explanation about functional grammar, he adds that functional grammar makes extensive use of function labels like actor, process, goal, theme rheme etc. Functional grammar is a new subject in the English Department of State University of Jakarta. It has become a subject in the English Department of State University of Jakarta since 2002. This subject is to be taken by all students to complete their study. Functional grammar consists of functional grammar I and functional grammar 2 with 3 semester credits each. Both functional grammar 1 and functional grammar 2 have similar purpose that is to support the development of ability to speak and write English correctly. (Buku Pedornan Akademik FBS, 2004/2005) 2 As experienced by English Department students in functional grammar classes, the process of learning functional grammar includes the discussion of concepts which is then followed by analyzing text. Texts to be analyzed can be taken from different resources such as newspaper, magazine, advertisement, film or novel. Based on the observation and informal talks with other students done by the researcher,E students often had difficulties when analyzing text. The students felt confused to put the words from text into functional grammar concepts. So far, there was no practice how to apply functional grammar concepts in speaking. Considering the condition, the researcher is interested to conduct a study to identify English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply functional grammar concepts in analyzing text and speaking. B. Focus of Study The focus of study is identifying English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply functional grammar concepts in analyzing text and speaking. C. Problem Statement Based on background of the study above, questions addressed are: 1. What is English Department students perception towards their knowledge of functional grammar concepts. 2 What is English Department students perception towards their comprehension of functional grammar concepts 3 What is English Department students perception towards their ability to apply functional grammar concepts in analyzing text. 4 What is English Department students perception towards tieir ability to apply functional grammar concepts in speaking. D. Purpose of Study Based on problem statement, the purpose of this study is to identify English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply functional grammar concepts in analyzing text and speaking. E. Benefit of Study This study is to give input related to English Department students knowledge, comprehension of functional grammar concepts and their ability to apply the concepts in analyzing text and speaking. 4 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter discusses seven topics relevant to the needs of providing theoretical bases for a study of identifying English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply functional grammar concepts in analyzing text and speaking. The first topic is traditional grammar, the second topic is functional grammar, the third topic is the differences between traditional grammar and functional grammar, the fourth topic is functional grammar as a subject in the English Department, the fifth topic is Perception, the sixth topic is Ability to Apply, and the seventh topic is Speaking. Traditional Grammar In the discussion about Traditional Grammar, Halliday (1994) explains that traditional grammar has always been the grammar of written language; and traditional grammar has always been a product grammar. While, Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) state that grammar is the structure of language. They further explain that traditional grammar aims at describing the grammar of standards English by comparing the grammar of English with the one of Latin. They state that students learn the name of parts of speech (noons, verbs, prepositions adverbs, adjectives) They also explain that traditional grammar focuses on the rules for producing coect sentences. Still related to traditional grammar, based on Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 2O36) ri 1Lng Isrics trad tona1 grammar is a cover name for the collection of 5 concepts and ideas about the structure of language that Western societies have received from ancient Greek and Roman sources. The source also states that the focus of attention of traditional grammar is on the surface structure, not on meaning. So far, traditional grammar has been associated with the use of class labels like noun. verb, adjective, adverb, etc. Traditional grammar is mainly concerned with syntax and some morphology. Traditional grammar focuses on surface structure. Traditional grammar limits the discussion on the sentence level. Functional Grammar In the discussion about Functional Grammar, Halliday (1994) explains that functional grammar is essentially a natural grammar, in the sense that everything in functional grammar can, be explained, ujtimately, by reference to how language is used. He further states that the aim of functional grammar has been to construct a grammar for purposes of text analysis: one that would make it possible to say sensible and useful things about any text spoken and written in modern English. Going into deeper discussion, Halliday (1994) pronoses three lines of meaning in the clause. There are theme, subject and actor. As a working approximation, he defines different strands of meaning as follows: 1. The Theme functions in the structure of the clause as message. 2. The Subject functions in the structure of the clause as an exchange. 3. The Actor functions in the structure of the clause as representation. 6 t While, Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) note that functional grammar attempts to describe language in actual use and focus on text and contexts. They view that functional grammar was developed based on an assumption that language as a resource for making meaning. They also state that functional grammar is concerned tiot only with the structures but also with how those structures construct meaning. Functional grammar starts with the question, how the meanings of this text are realized. On the same view of Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994), and Halliday (1994), Martin, Matthiessen, Painter (1997) describe that functional grammar is a way of looking at grammar as it is used. Functional grammar focuses on the development of grammatical systems as a means for people to interact with each other. 1. Clause as Message Halliday (1994) states that clause as message is a clause which has meaning as a message, a quantum of information. He also claims in all languages the clause has the character of a message: it has some form of organization giving it the status of a communicative event, but there are different ways in which this may be achieved. In the clause as a message, there are theme and rheme. a. THEME Halliday (1994) explains that theme is the element which serves as the point of departure of the message, the part in which the clause is concerned. Furthermore, he states that the theme is put first. 7 Gerot Peter Wignell (1994), talking about theme, note that theme is what the clause is going to be about. They further describe that the theme can be identified as that or those element(s) which come(s) first in the clause. Theme represents the point of departure of this message from the previous one. Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) shortly state that this is what Im talking about. They also said that in terms of looking at a clause as a message, the theme looks backwards, relating to the current message to what has gone before. On the same view about Theme, Martin, Matthiessen, Painter (1997) note that theme is one of two systems that organize the information presented in the clause, the other being that information. Further they also state that theme can be divided into 3 categories. There are ideational / topical theme, interpersonal theme, textual theme. 1. Ideational! Topical theme is language construes human experience. Ideational consists of what there is to argue about. 2. Interpersonal theme is language enacts human relationships. Interpersonal consists of something people can interact with. 3. Textual theme is language creates discourse. Textual consists of word order. Related the clause to its context. b. RHEME Halliday (1994) states that rheme is the remainder of the message, the part in which the theme is developed. He further explains that rheme as a message structure. A clause consists of a Theme accompanied by a Rheme. 8 Still in the discussion about Rheme, Linda Gerot Peter Wigneil (1994) note that rheme is the rest of the clause New information is contained in the rheme They further represent that rheme is This is what Im saying about it. Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) also said that the rheme points both backwards and forwards by picking up on information which is already aailable and adding ti it and by presenting information which was not there before. 2 Clause as Exchange Based on Flalliday (1994), clause as exchange is a clause which has meaning as an exchange, a transaction between speaker and listener. In clause as exchange, there are mood and residu. a. MOOD Mood according to Halliday (1994) refers to the element that realizes the selection of mood in the clause. While, Martin, Matthiessen, Painter (1997) describe that the mood element makes clause negotiable and consists of Finite and Subject. (1). Finite This term, according to Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) state that finite element is one of the small numbers of verbal operators expressing tense, modality and polarity. They further explain that finite element has the function of locating an exchange with reference to the speaker and making a proposition something that can be argued about. 9 Still in the same discussion about finite, Martin, Matthiessen, Painter (1997) refers to the one that makes a clause a negotiable by coding it as positive or negative and by grounding it, either in terms of time (it is! it isnt: it was/it wasnt: it will/it wont) or in terms of modality (it may! it wiIIJ it must, etc). (2). Subject In the discussion about subject, Halliclay (1994) states that subject is the responsible element, but in proposition this means the one on which the validity of the information is made to rest. Not to be different from Halliday (1994), Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) state that subject is that upon which the speaker rests his case in exchanges of information, and the one responsible for insuring that the prescribed action is or is II not carned out in exchanges of goods and services Still n the discussion about subject, Martin, Matthiessen, Painter (1997) stated that subject is the element in terms of which the clause can be negotiated. b. RESIDU Halliday (1994), Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) said that residue consists of functional elements of three kinds: Predicator, Complement and Adjunct. (1). Predicator Halliday (1994) says that predicator occurs in all major clauses, except those that are displayed through ellipsis. Predicator is realized by a verbal group. 10 Still in the same discussion about Predicator, Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) claim that predicator is the verb part of the clause, the bit which tells whats doing, happening or being. (2). complement Halliday (1994) says that a complement is an element within the residue that has the potential of being subject but is not. Complement is realized by a nominal group. Giving more explanation about complement, Linda Gerot Peter Wigneli (1994) state that complement answers the question is/had what, to whom, did to what. (3). Adjunct Adjunct, according to Halliday (1994), and Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) is an element that has not got the potential of being subject. Adjunct is typically realized by an adverbial group or a prepositional phrase. 3. Clause as Representation Halliday (1994) describes that clause as a representation is a clause which has meaning as a representation, the actor is the active participant in that process. He also states that participants related to each process type are as in the table below: a. Processes and Participants Process Participant Material: Actor (doer of the process) processes of Goai (thing affected by the process) 11 doing F Range (thing unaffected by the process) Beneficiary (the one to whom the process is said to take place) Behavioral: Expresses the physiological and psychological behaviors Behave (a conscious being if it is not, the clause is considered to be personification) Behaviour (extends the process) I Mental: processes of sensing Senser (doer of the process that is realised by a human or at least conscious participant) Phenbmenon (what is thought, wanted, perceived or liked / disliked that is realised by a nominal group or embedded clause) Verbal: processes of saying and asking Sayer (doer of the process) Receiver (addressee of the speech) Target (the participant which is the subject of the talk) Verbiage (sums up what is said in one nominal group or embedded clause) Existential: realizes the meaning that something exists Existent .I Carrier (thing described) Attribute (description, it is typically an indefinite nominal group I j Relational: processes of I 12 b. Circumstances The other element that also plays an important part in the experiential meaning is the circumstance. A circumstance is defined as any piece of circumstantial information about the process within its own clause (Halliday 1994). The function is to illuminate the process in some way. Circumstances are realized by adverbial groups, prepositional phrases, and even by nominal groups. Still in the same discussion about Circumstance, Halliday (1994) divides circumstances into 9 categories. There are: (1) Extent (2) Location (3) Manner (4) Cause (5) Contingency (6) Accompaniment (7) Role (8) Matter (9) Angla (1) Extent Extent is expressed in terms of some unit measurements like yards, laps, rounds, and years. The interrogative forms for Extent are: (a) how far? (b) how long? (c) how many? The typical structure is a nominal group with quantifier or indefinite. attributive with an adjective as Head) Relational: processes of being Identifying Identified (that which is to be identified) Identifier (the new identity) 13 (2) Location Location clarifies the location of the expression. The general interrogatives are where? and when?. The typical structure is an adverbial group or prepositional phrase. 3) Manner Manner, another set of categories, is divided into three subcategories. There are: (a) Means (b) Quality (c) Comparison. a. Means Means refers to the means whereby a process takes place, it is typically expressed by a prepositional phrase with the preposition by or with. The interrogative forms are how? and what with? b. Quality Quality is typically expressed by an adverbial group with-ly adverb as Head. It answers the question of how. c. Comparison Comparison is typically expressed by a prepositional phrase started with like or unlike, or an adverbial group of similarity or difference. The interrogative form is what.. .like? (4) Cause The Cause was divided into 3 categories. There are: (a) Reason (b) Purpose (c) Behalf 14 a. Reason Reason represents the reason for which a process takes place what causes it, the interrogative form are why? or how? b. Purpose Purpose represents the purpose for which an action takes place the intention behind it. The interrogative form is what for? c. Behalf Behalf represents ihe entity, typically a person, on whose behalf or for whose sake the action is undertaken who is for. They are expressed by a prepositional phrase with for or with a complex preposition such as for the sake of, in favour on behalf of. The interrogative form is who for? (5) Contingency Contingency comprises 3 subcategories. There are: (a) Condition (b) Concession (c) Expression. a. Condition Condition is expressed by in case of, in the event of. b. Concession Concession is expressed by in spite of or despite. c. Expression Express ion of default has in the absence of, in default of. (6) Accompaniment Accompaniment, another set of circumstantial elements, represents the meanings and, or, not as circumstantial. interrogative forms are and 15 who / what else? It is expressed by prepositional phrase with preposition such as with, without, besides, and instead of. (7) Role Role includes the subcategories of Guise construes the meaning of be the iitterrogative form is what as? and Product with meaning of become, interrogative form is what into?. (8) Matter Matter is expressed by preposition such as about, concerning, with reference to and sometimes simply of. Interrogative form is what about?. (9) Angle Angle is used preposition to, but, like. It is often expressed by a more complex form such as according to, in the view I opinion of, from the standpoint of. From the definitions, it can be concluded that functional grammar makes extensive use of function labels like Actor, Process, Goal, Theme, Rheme and so on. In functional grammar there is no distinction between lexis and gran1mar. Both lexis and grammar are meaning-creating, because functional grammar is concerned with meaning than structure. The Differences between Traditional and Functional Grammar Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) stated that the main difference between traditional grammar and functional grammar is in the unit of analysis. Traditional I 17 in fourth semester. While, functional grammar 2 is to be taken by students in fifth semester. Both functional grammar I and 2 consist of 3 semester credits unit. Both functional grammar 1 and functional grammar 2 are to be taken by students to complete their study. As stated in Buku Pedoman Akademik PBS (2004/2005), Functional grammar I and 2 have purpose that is to support the development of ability to speak and write English correctly. Based on experience and observing in functional grammar classes, analyzing texts is one kind of the process of functional grammar learning. Texts to be analyzed can be taken from authentic material. There are different resources to analyze written texts such as newspaper, magazine, advertisement, etc. While, to analyze spoken texts, the material can be taken from dialogues in the film or novel. Perception Perception has various defmitions from various angles. Bloom (1956) cited by Elliot et all. (2000), says that perception is the process or act of perceiving information and making sense of it. As stated in New Lexicon Webster International Dictionary of English Language Volume 2 (1997) perception is (1) the act of perceiving, apprehension with the mind or the senses; (2) an immediate of intuitive recorition, as of a moral or esthetic quality; (3) the faculty of perceiving, as distinguished from the act of perceiving. Meanwhile, in Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (2000), 18 perception is defined as an idea, a belief or an image you have as a result of how we see and understand something. Still in the discussion about perception, in Winkipedia Encyclopedia, an internet based encyclopedia, perception is a process that involves selecting, organizing, and interpreting stimuli in our environment. Further. HeiTher (2003) explains that perception refers to interpretation of what we take in through our sense. He notes that the way we perceive our environment is what makes us different from other animals and different from each other. From the definitions stated above, the researcher concludes that perception can be thought as each individuals personal theory of reality, through the process of interpreting and attributing meaning to what he/she observed or experienced. Briefly, perception refers to view and feeling. Therefore, two kinds of instruments were used for the data collection. They were questionnaire and interview. Based on the statement of functional grammar purpose, that is to support the development of ability to speak and write English correctly. It means that functional grammar can be applied by English Department students in language skill, speaking in particular. Related to the statement, to measure students perception about their ability to apply functional grammar in analyzing text and speaking can be seen from educational objectives goal of cognitive domain (Bloom Taxonomy) in the third level. The third levels are knowledge. comprehension and application. 19 Ability to Apply In Websters New World Dictionary of American English (1998), ability is a skill, expertness, or talent. Meanwhile in Cambridge International Dictionary (1995) ability is the physical or mental power or skill needed to do something. As stated in Longman Dictionary of English Language and culture (1998) ability is the fact of having the skill, power or other qualities that are needed in order to do something. While, Bloom (1956) cited in Elliot et all. (2000) proposes classification of educational objectives, related to 1: Cognitive Domain. There are 6 major classes: (1) knowledge recalling specific facts, (2) comprehension understanding what is communicated, (3) application generalizing and using abstract information in !concrete situations, (4) analysis breaking problem into subparts and detecting relationships among the parts, (5) synthesis putting together part to form a whole, (6) evaluation using criteria to make judgments. Later these categories were revised, as stated by Arend RI (2004), the last two categories of Blooms Taxonomy that are synthesis and evaluation were revised to become evaluate and create. To be more details, Arend proposes cognitive process categories into the following. (1) remember retrieve relevant knowledge from long-term memory, (2) understand construct from instructional -messages, including oral, written, and graphic communication, (3) apply carry out or use a procedure in a given situation, (4) analyze break material into constituent parts and determine how, parts relate to one another and to an overall structure or purpose, (5,) evaluate make judgment based on criteria and standards, (6) create V 20 put elements together to form a coherent or functional whole; reorganize elements into a new pattern or structure. Based on Blooms Taxonomy, ability to apply occurs after ability to know and to comprehend. Related to the study of identifying English Department students ability to apply functional grammar to improve their speaking ability, the inclusion of ability to know or knowledge and ability to comprehend (comprehension) is therefore considered necessary. Speaking In the discussion about speaking, Broomly (1988) explains that Speaking is an expressive language kill which the speaker symbols to communicate. While, Jones (1989) says speaking is a form of communication that has four elements i.e. speaker, receiver (listener), message and channel (communication tools such as, telephone, Internet, letter, face to face interaction, etc). Still in the discussion about speaking, in communicating, people also produce, sounds, choosing the right form, putting words in the correct order and so forth. This is also supported by W.F. Mackey (in Bygate 1995) who says that in oral expression people not only involve the right sounds, the right pattern of rhythm and intonation but also the choice of words and inflection in the right order to convey the right meaning. When we speak to other people, it means that we express our ideas or our feelings orally. This statement is supported in Webster Dictionary(1998) to speak is to express thoughts opinions or feelings orally.

Federalists :: American History, Madison, Factions

James Madison was a very intelligent man and was one of the forefathers for our country. In Madison’s Federalist Paper Number 10 he describes the need to control factions in the United States and how the government is to do so. The Federalist papers are a key point in describing how to control â€Å"factions† that are so dangerous to the young government, or so Madison feels. In Madison’s paper he clearly lays out his idea on the sources of factions, his feelings on democracy versus a republic, and how to control factions. To Madison factions, or groups of citizens with mal-intent for the new government, are a threat to the new government and it is impossible to find an acceptable remedy. Madison considers both liberty and the idea of having opposing opinions to be the key sources to factions. This also proves to be the reason why factions can never be eradicated completely. To Madison there are â€Å"two methods of removing the causes of faction: the on, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests.†(pg. A21) Of course both of these ideas are completely preposterous because they are impossible to be had. Removing liberty in the words of James Madison would be â€Å"worse than the disease† (pg. A21) because of the pure fact that to abolish liberty would be to abolish everything fought for in the American Revolution. Madison compares liberty to air in that removing it would rid of the fire, factions, but also kill every life, so basically it is a lose-lose situation. The latter idea of Madison is to basically have everyone think in a homogenous manner, which of course is impracticable. As Madison puts it â€Å"As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed† (pg. A22) Men will always have a difference of opinion because we are always influenced by reason and self-love. Madison continues saying that the causes of factions are â€Å"thus sown in the nature of man† (pg. A22) and all we can do is try to control factions but it is impossible to rid of them completely. The federalist paper continues on to Madison’s feelings about having a democracy versus a republic and which he feels is a better decision. Federalists :: American History, Madison, Factions James Madison was a very intelligent man and was one of the forefathers for our country. In Madison’s Federalist Paper Number 10 he describes the need to control factions in the United States and how the government is to do so. The Federalist papers are a key point in describing how to control â€Å"factions† that are so dangerous to the young government, or so Madison feels. In Madison’s paper he clearly lays out his idea on the sources of factions, his feelings on democracy versus a republic, and how to control factions. To Madison factions, or groups of citizens with mal-intent for the new government, are a threat to the new government and it is impossible to find an acceptable remedy. Madison considers both liberty and the idea of having opposing opinions to be the key sources to factions. This also proves to be the reason why factions can never be eradicated completely. To Madison there are â€Å"two methods of removing the causes of faction: the on, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests.†(pg. A21) Of course both of these ideas are completely preposterous because they are impossible to be had. Removing liberty in the words of James Madison would be â€Å"worse than the disease† (pg. A21) because of the pure fact that to abolish liberty would be to abolish everything fought for in the American Revolution. Madison compares liberty to air in that removing it would rid of the fire, factions, but also kill every life, so basically it is a lose-lose situation. The latter idea of Madison is to basically have everyone think in a homogenous manner, which of course is impracticable. As Madison puts it â€Å"As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed† (pg. A22) Men will always have a difference of opinion because we are always influenced by reason and self-love. Madison continues saying that the causes of factions are â€Å"thus sown in the nature of man† (pg. A22) and all we can do is try to control factions but it is impossible to rid of them completely. The federalist paper continues on to Madison’s feelings about having a democracy versus a republic and which he feels is a better decision.

Canadian Economy, Labor, And The Global World Essay

The Federal Open Market Committee report indicates a decline in output and employment. Household spending has been increasing gradually though there have been several constraints such as high unemployment rates, tight credit, and slight income growth. The United States is the biggest trading partner to Canada and economic slumps within the American economy affect the Canadian economy negatively as well. Such a decline in output will affect the Canadian economy since a decline in goods that Canada obtains from the United States will mean the country will lack them and have to find other countries to trade with. In addition, the low output will result in American businesses importing less goods from Canada that they use in the process of producing their goods. The high unemployment will affect Canadian labor based on the large number of Canadians who work in the United States. During an economic recession as this one most foreign workers lack unemployment in other countries as governments give first priority to their domestic workers first. As such, American nationals would be considered first during employment exercises while the Canadians will be left out and stay unemployed until the economy is seen to have recovered. The role of the state in a global world The worlds today is a global one with people from different countries, social backgrounds and cultures interacting on a daily basis. States are part of these interactions as well as they encompass the geographical boundaries that divide our continents into smaller units. States exist as a result of a host of reasons such as political, historical, economic, social, cultural and militaristic. States form different corners of the world are carrying out trade with one another as a result of the growth of the idea of competitive advantage that allows countries to export what they have in abundance and import what they lack. Apart from trade, there are numerous organizations and agreements around the world that have brought numerous countries together in pursuit of common goals so as to create a modern world that is safe and productive to live in. As such, a state has to find a way to effectively take part in such a global world despite having its own independent political, social, cultural, and corporate way of doing things. This requires states to come up with policies that will enable them to actively take part within the global world without compromising their independence (Plattner, 2002). This creates the need for due attention to the theoretical rationales of the state’s formation that ensure that the state remains pertinent in the global world. This is in line with the fact that domestic policies can not be made to treat the economy as a closed entity but need to consider the implications and counterbalancing effects that arise from globalization. The state has a role in the global world that is aimed at legislating its policies that protect its domestic market as well as give opportunity for its country’s participation in globalization. Labor unions in a global world Globalization has grown over the years and has now become an important part of our corporate and social lives. Labor is one of the institutions that have been greatly affected by globalization as businesses and institutions are now able to employ individuals from anywhere in the world as far as they have the required skills and knowledge needed for the job. With the growth of capitalism and international trade, most companies realized the only way to stay in business and continue making huge profits was to cut down on overall expenses and labor costs were one of the expenses cut. The growth of globalization has also lead to the development of outsourcing where businesses have some of the operations carried out by other institutions that are specialized in that field and therefore do not have to employ people to carry out those jobs internally. Most businesses are opening factories in foreign markets that have cheaper labor such as China and Indonesia. As such, labor unions have responded in order to protect their domestic workers from the increasing amount of unemployment that could result from the employment of foreign workers who could be asking for lower wages and salaries as compared to the domestic workers. Labor unions have responded to globalization by engaging in several strategies that limit the negative effects of globalization on labor. One such strategy has been the opposition towards free trade initiatives and agreements involving several countries. One such agreement has been the North American Free Trade Agreement by asking for there to be provisions within the agreement for the inclusion of a charter that would entail a number of labor principles that would be put into effect and enforced by both domestic and international courts. Secondly, labor unions have began to organize regional as well as international organizations that seek to harmonize the labor needs of their members. This is the case especially for multinational companies that operate in several countries where unions facilitate workers from the different factories in the various countries to be able to have collective bargaining of their needs (Herod, 2002). Thirdly, labor unions have been involved in the process of developing labor regulations that are incorporated in most business codes of conduct. Due to the possibility of business including legally correct phrases that could be detrimental to workers when effected and which would affect workers negatively. By have access to the policy formulation stage, unions are able to prevent the inclusion of such codes and policies that would end up leaving workers at a disadvantaged position. How the federal government responded to growing labor militancy The onset of the depression found the provincial as well as municipal governments in debt following expansion in infrastructure. This was at a time when Mackenzie was the prime minister and he held the belief that the crisis would pass thus failed to provide aid to the provinces. The federal government was reluctant in making efforts of reviving the economy that followed the depression (Robert, 2009). After the depression the government started a relief plan faced with mounting pressure from World War 1 veterans who demanded to be protected from poverty that was known as the New Deal The federal government under R. B Bennett campaigned on high tariffs as well as large scale spending. The federal government also increased welfare and assistance programs as well as programs intended to increase work opportunities. This was a move that led the federal government to more deficit (Neatby, 1963). This worsened the situation based on the fact that it caused a great number of government employees to loose their jobs as well as the cancelation of many public works projects that were underway. The federal government had a burden of the Canadian National Railway that had been highly affected by the depression. The government has as well taken over a number of railways that were bankrupt and out-of-date over the period of the world war. This increased the debt that the government had to a massive sum that was hard to be repaid at the time based on the hard financial time that the nation faced. The decrease in trade had made the Canadian National Railway to loose substantial amounts of funds a crisis that had been worsened by the depression. This created a burden for the federal government on the basis that it had to bail out the CNR baring in mind that the government was as well facing other debts. The failure of the federal government to revive the economy led to its defeat by the liberal party. The future for Keynesian economics Keynesian economics is struggling as it seems to have a dimming future. Since the 1970s when Keynesian economics faced a significant decline due to its failure as a result of the resultant high inflation rates and economic recessions, there has been an emergence of monetarism. In the 1980s, classical as well as supply-side economics have increasingly challenged the appropriateness of Keynesian economics further (Rousseas, 1986). As a result, Keynesian economists have responded to this decline and have created new schools of thought based on early Keynesian economics. These are †¢ The neoclassical Keynesianism †¢ The post-Keynesianism †¢ The new Keynesianism All these school of thoughts have emerged mainly as a response to the criticisms that new classical economists have raised against Keynesian economics (Gordon, 1990). Due to the focus on the demand side, Keynesian economics has proved to be important especially during economic revival after recessions as was witnessed after the recent 2008-2009 global recession where most affected countries engaged in Keynesian economics by providing economic stimulus packages aimed at reviving the economy again. This is based on the Keynesian view that markets usually lack a mechanism to self correct themselves and therefore government interventions are required to restore the economy once again. References Gordon, R. J. (1990). â€Å"What Is New-Keynesian Economics? † Journal of Economic Literature 28, no. 3 1115–1171. Herod, A. (2002). â€Å"Organizing globally, organizing locally: union spatial strategy in a global economy. † In Harrod, J. & Robert, O. Global Unions? Theory and Strategies of organized labor in the global political economy. London: Routledge. Neatby, H. B. (1963). William Lyon Mackenzie King, 1924-1932: The Lonely Heights. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Plattner, M. (2002). â€Å"Globalization and Self-Government†, Journal of Democracy 13(3): 54-67. Robert, L. (2009). â€Å"The Workplace and Economic Crisis: Canadian Textile Firms, 1929-1935,† Enterprise and Society, Vol. 10 Issue 3, pp 498-528. Rousseas, S. (1986). Post-Keynesian Monetary Economics. London: Macmillan.

Evaluate The Different Approaches To Management Used Within Siemens

Evaluate The Different Approaches To Management Used Within Siemens Evaluate The Different Approaches To Management Used Within Siemens And A Different Organization – Case Study Example Management within Siemens Management within Siemens Mobile phone companies have been in the rise over the past couple of decades. One of the most common companies in Siemens and the company has been on the rise in a manner that it has threatened other companies in the industry. The management strategy incorporated by the company has had competing effectively against other companies such as Motorola. As opposed to Motorola, Siemens has incorporated all four processes of management. One of the models incorporated by the company is introducing the human relations model. This model involves the company looking out for both the human resource and the customers. The company does this by the creation of forums where it offers the human resource with advice on how to improve their careers (Samuels, 2013). A company such as Motorola does not have such a forum and thus the reason why it does not succeed as well as Siemens. The rational model is another strategy introduced by the company. Throu gh this model, the company has held important meetings where it identifies its weaknesses and then proceeds to go through the planning process in order to eliminate the problem. This is done communally and is different when compared to the manner in which Motorola handles its problems where it is the C.E.O who has the responsibility of resolving the problems.Open systems involve Siemens relating effectively with the outside environment, commonly the customers where it associates and seeks to understand their views on the company’s gadgets (Samuels, 2013). This is effective for the company gets to understand the needs of the customers that is different from Motorola that does not bother understanding needs of the customers as much. The internal systems of the company are other factors to review where there is an effective communication process between different levels of management within Siemens organization. However, Motorola does not have an elaborate communication system w here it thus becomes difficult for important information to reach the target departments. BibliographySamuels, D. (2013). Creating a high performance culture: a Siemens Case Study. Web http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/siemens/creating-a-high-performance- culture/introduction.html#axzz395AVFeqT

March Madness Bracket Statistics

March Madness Bracket Statistics Every March in the U.S. marks the beginning of the Men’s NCAA Division I basketball tournament. Dubbed March Madness, the modern version of the first round of the tournament consists of 64 teams in a single elimination bracket  format. Office pools and Internet contests challenge fans to correctly guess the outcomes of all 63 games in the tournament. This is no small undertaking. In the first round of the tournament alone there are 232 4,294,967,296 possible brackets that could result. Statistics and probability can be used to knock this number of over four trillion down to a somewhat more manageable size. Each team is assigned a ranking or seed from #1 to #16 based upon a number of criteria. The first round of the tournament always follows the same format, featuring four games each of the following types: #1 seed vs. #16 seed#2 seed vs. #15 seed#3 seed vs. #14 seed#4 seed vs. #13 seed#5 seed vs. #12 seed#6 seed vs. #11 seed#7 seed vs. #10 seed#8 seed vs. #9 seed Making Predictions Predicting the winner of each game is a complicated process that involves comparing several different variables from each team. To simplify matters, results from previous tournaments can be helpful to make predictions for the current year’s tournament bracket. The tournament has had the same 64-team structure since 1985, so there is a wealth of data to analyze. A prediction strategy using this idea looks at all instances where a #1 seed played a #16 seed. The results from these prior outcomes give a probability that can be used to make a prediction in the present tournament. Historical Results Such a strategy of picking the winner based on previous seed results is limited. However, there are some interesting patterns that start to emerge when examining the results from the first round of the tournament. For example, a #1 seed has never lost against a #16 seed. Despite a higher ranking, #8 seeds lose more often than not against #9 seeds. The following percentages are based on 27 years of March Madness with four of the same types of matchups in each tournament. #1 seed vs. #16 seed – The #1 seed has won 100% of the time against the #16 seed.#2 seed vs. #15 seed – The #2 seed has won 96% of the time against the #15 seed.#3 seed vs. #14 seed – The #3 seed has won 85% of the time against the #14 seed.#4 seed vs. #13 seed – The #4 seed has won 79% of the time against the #13 seed.#5 seed vs. #12 seed – The #5 seed has won 67% of the time against the #12 seed.#6 seed vs. #11 seed – The #6 seed has won 67% of the time against the #11 seed.#7 seed vs. #10 seed – The #7 seed has won 60% of the time against the #10 seed.#8 seed vs. #9 seed – The #8 seed has won 47% of the time against the #9 seed. Other Statistics In addition to the above, there are other interesting facts pertaining to the NCAA tournament. Since the 1985 tournament: Only once (4% of the time) has all four #1 seeds made it to the Final Four.Three times (12% of the time) no #1 seeds have made it to the Final Four.14 times (52% of the time) a #1 seed has won the entire tournament.The lowest seed to win the tournament is a #8 seed.The lowest seed to make it to the Final Four is a #11 seed. Use the above statistics at your own discretion. As the saying goes, Past performance is not an indicator of future success. You never know when a #16 team will score an upset.

Rural Mental Health Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rural Mental Health - Coursework Example The project has developed a community based mental service. It has implemented a different kind of financial arrangement which reached out to the remote community. The work of the team was to appoint visiting psychiatrists who supported the local primary care providers. The project succeeded in associating visiting specialists with rural primary units and laid emphasis on catering the needs of local GPs and the primary health care staff and their patients. Rural isolation is a burning problem for the professionals all over the world. Apart from the predicament of accessibility and cultural clash, factors like lack of effective training and professional skills, unique and bizarre ethical considerations, improper understanding of rural customs and culture, discontinuation of education among the rural folks and lack of resources have turned rural isolation a problem for professionals. McDonald, T. W., Harris, S. M. & LeMesurier, E. A. â€Å"Mental Health Care Issues in a Predominantly Rural and Frontier State: Results and Implications from a Comprehensive Survey†. Journal of Rural Community Psychology. 26 August 2009. Marshall University. No Date.

Social and Physical Benefits of Parks and Recreation Space Research Paper

Social and Physical Benefits of Parks and Recreation Space - Research Paper Example r, is not always the case in the country because many parks continue to suffer from lack of essential recreational facilities or over-emphasis on the natural environment at the expense of modern park facilities for sports and other modern forms of recreation (Godbey et al., 2008). The major problem is that irrespective of the relative development of many other public facilities in urban areas in the country, recreational parks still remain largely underdeveloped and traditional. The lack of modern facilities and other incentives in parks is keeping many people especially of the young generation from sufficiently utilizing these essential public spaces. 1.2 Research Questions This study was aimed at answering the following questions; 1) What is the role of recreational parks in urban neighborhoods in the area of study? 2) Is there optimum utilization of recreational parks in the area? 3) What are the challenges facing recreational parks in the study area? 4) What steps can be taken to modernize recreational parks for optimum value to the communities they serve? 1.3 Purpose of Study The purpose of this paper is to investigate the social and physical benefits of parks and urban green recreation spaces in the United States. The study involves comparative investigation of a number of public parks in residential neighborhoods of Los Angeles whereby various essential parameters of the parks are studied. This includes space allocated for the parks, facilities within the parks and the space allocated to each of the facilities, the number of people utilizing the parks and their mix in terms of age and race. The study also includes other characteristics related to the parks including issues such as crime and health. 2.0 Literature Review In view of the importance of parks as... The purpose of this paper is to investigate the social and physical benefits of parks and urban green recreation spaces in the United States. The study involves comparative investigation of a number of public parks in residential neighborhoods of Los Angeles whereby various essential parameters of the parks are studied. This includes space allocated for the parks, facilities within the parks and the space allocated to each of the facilities, the number of people utilizing the parks and their mix in terms of age and race. The study also includes other characteristics related to the parks including issues such as crime and health.In view of the importance of parks as areas for recreation and environmental conservation, many studies are increasingly being carried out to highlight their physical and social benefits to the society as well as improve their management.Urban nature in the form of parks, forests, and green belts, and its components such as trees and water, positively impacts the environment and ecology of a region. It accomplishes â€Å"important environmental services such as air and water purification, the wind and noise filtering, and microclimate stabilization†. Thus, parks promote physical health by providing green spaces and fresh air for exercising and walking and increase social well-being through opportunities for interacting with neighbors and peers at a shared, common location. The social and psychological services of parks and recreation are vital for the livability of modern cities.